Table 1 Key outcome measures
Variable | Respondent | Indicator | Coding |
|---|---|---|---|
Experience of intimate partner violence | |||
Experienced physical violence from partner in past month | Women | Women were asked how often in the last month did their husband/partner hit or slap them. Responses ranged from 1 = often, 2 = sometimes, 3 = rarely, 4 = never | Binary; coded as 1 if responded rarely, sometimes, or often to the item, and 0 if no |
Experienced physical violence from partner in past 12 monthsa | Women | Women were asked six items regarding whether and how often their partner had ever done the following in the past 12 months: 1) slapped you or threw something at you that could hurt you; 2) pushed or shoved you; 3) hit you with a fist or with something that could hurt you; 4) kicked you, dragged you or beat you up; 5) Choked or burned you on purpose; 6) threatened to use or actually used a gun, knife or other weapon against you. Responses ranged from 0 = no, 1 = once, 2 = a few times, 3 = many times | Binary; coded as 1 if responded once, a few times, or many times to any of the six items, and 0 if no to all |
Experienced sexual violence from partner in the past 12 monthsa | Women | Women were asked three items regarding whether their partner had ever done the following in the past 12 months: 1) physically force you to have sexual intercourse with him even when you did not want to; 2) force you to perform sexual acts that you did not want to; 3) Did you ever have sexual intercourse because you were intimidated by him or afraid he would hurt you? Responses ranged from 0 = no, 1 = once, 2 = a few times, 3 = many times | Binary; coded as 1 if responded once, a few times, or many times to any of the three items, and 0 if no to all |
Experienced emotional violence from partner in the past 12 monthsa | Women | Women were asked five items regarding whether and how often their partner had ever done the following in the past 12 months: 1) Insulted you or made you feel bad about yourself: 2) Belittled or humiliated you in front of other people; 3) Done things to scare or intimidate you on purpose (e.g. by the way he looked at you, by yelling, by smashing things)?; 4) Threatened to hurt you or someone you care about? Responses ranged from 0 = no, 1 = once, 2 = a few times, 3 = many times | Binary; coded as 1 if responded once, a few times, or many times to any of the five items, and 0 if no to all |
Experienced controlling behaviors from partner in the past 12 monthsa | Women | Women were asked nine items regarding whether their partner had ever done the following in the past 12 months: 1) Tries to keep you from seeing your friends?; 2) Tries to restrict contact with your family of birth; 3) Insists on knowing where you are at all times?; 4) Ignores you and treats you indifferently?; 5) Gets angry if you talked to other men?; 6) Is often suspicious that you are unfaithful?;7) Expects you to ask his permission before leaving home?; 8) Expects you to ask his permission before seeking health care for yourself?; 9) Prevent you from expressing your opinion in public? Responses ranged from 0 = no, 1 = yes | Binary; coded as 1 if responded yes to any of the nine items, and 0 if no to all |
Perpetration of Intimate partner violence | |||
Perpetrated physical violence against partner in past month | Men | Men were asked how often in the last month they hit or slapped their wife/partner. Responses ranged from 1 = often, 2 = sometimes, 3 = rarely, 4 = never | Binary; coded as 1 if responded rarely, sometimes, or often to the item, and 0 if no |
Social Cohesion | |||
Perceived neighborhood social cohesion b,c | Women | Respondents were asked nine items regarding whether they agree with any of the following statements about where they live: 1) People care for one another; 2) I am proud to tell other where I am from; 3) Good relationships exist between various groups in the area; 4) I trust the local decision makers; 5) I can count on people in my community/area to help me in a crisis; 6) I have a sense of belonging to my community; 7 Residents in my community trust each other; 8) I feel safe in my place of residence; 9) Many of my neighbors are my friends. Responses ranged from 0 = no, 1 = yes | Categorically coded as 2 if answered yes to eight or nine items, 1 if answered six or seven items; and 0 otherwise |
Men | Binary coded as 1 if answered yes to all items, 0 otherwise | ||